Suggested Readings

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): a 56-week, open-label, randomized clinical trial.

Ahmann AJ, Capehorn M, Charpentier G, et al. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(2):258-266.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial.

Ahrén B, Masmiquel L, Kumar H, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):341-354.

Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial.

Pratley RE, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(4):275-286.

Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action.

Campbell JE, Drucker DJ. Cell Metab. 2013;17(6):819-837.

From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Defronzo RA. Diabetes. 2009;58(4):773-795.

Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular events.

Desouza CV, Bolli GB, Fonseca V. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1389-1394.

Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228-1239.

Minimizing hypoglycemia in diabetes.

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(8):1583-1591.

Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.

Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):140-149.

Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):839-848.

Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4): 311-322.

Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844.

Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome.

Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247-2257.

Report from the 2nd Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit of the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group.

Schnell O, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017;16(1):35.

Linked Resources

Guidelines

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018.

The ADA’s Standards of Care provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payers, and other interested individuals with the components of good diabetes management, general treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. Importantly, these recommendations should be adjusted based on individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient-related factors.

American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(suppl 1):S1-S153.

AACE/ACE Comprehensive Diabetes Management Algorithm 2018.

The AACE/ACE algorithm provides recommendations on evaluating the whole patient, outlines potential risks and complications, and highlights evidence-based treatment approaches for diabetes. The document contains sections on lifestyle changes, considerations for obese individuals, prediabetes, glycemic goals, antihyperglycemic therapies, treatment algorithms, modifications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors, and overall principles of diabetes management.

Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Endocr Pract. 2018;24(1):91-120.

Patient and Caregiver Resources

Diabetes HealthSense

Created as part of the National Diabetes Education Program, Diabetes HealthSense includes easily accessible resources that can help patients live well and meet their goals—whether they have diabetes or are at risk for the disease. 

Decision Aids for T2DM

To facilitate shared decision making, these examples of medication choice decision aids from the Mayo Clinic are organized into 7 issues that may be of interest to patients with T2DM. A video demonstrating the use of these cards can be found at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYTPqceFgSw.

Related activities
SnapShot 
0.25 CME/CE

Clinical Profiles of Current and Emerging GLP-1 RAs

Module 1 of 4

Faculty: John E. Anderson, MD; Jack L. Leahy, MD
Release: 08/08/2018
Expiration: 08/08/2019
SnapShot 
0.25 CME/CE

Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with T2DM

Module 2 of 4

Faculty: John E. Anderson, MD; Jack L. Leahy, MD
Release: 09/11/2018
Expiration: 09/10/2019
SnapShot 
0.25 CME/CE

Overcoming Barriers to Injectable Noninsulin Therapies

Module 3 of 4

Faculty: John E. Anderson, MD; Jack L. Leahy, MD
Release: 09/11/2018
Expiration: 09/10/2019
SnapShot 
0.25 CME/CE

Practical Recommendations for Noninsulin Injectable Therapies

Module 4 of 4

Faculty: John E. Anderson, MD; Jack L. Leahy, MD
Release: 09/11/2018
Expiration: 09/10/2019